A Persuasive Thesis Statement On Youth And The Internet Essay

William Kandare Ms. Gallos English 3 May 18, 2015 A Persuasive Thesis Statement on Youth and the Internet Dangers of the Internet, Fact or Fiction? Today’s youth are tomorrow’s leaders. They are our future. So what kind of leaders are we creating? What affects the way our children grow up today? Popular opinion today says that excessive use of the internet is damaging to the youth of the world in many ways. One of the most significant beliefs is that kids today don’t exercise enough because they are on the computer all the time and that this will lead to a host of serious health problems including obesity but also other types of physical damage to the body such as â€Å"harmful impacts on their eyes, backs, and wrists† (Shields and Behrman). Another significant belief is that children are hurt emotionally because they become more isolated (Shields and Behrman). This would seem to imply that the future of our world was in jeopardy. But Even though spending too much time on the computer takes time away from exercise and social interactions, the popular belief that excessive use of the internet i s damaging today s youth is not accurate because the internet, including social media, allows youth to keep up with technology and its vast amounts of information while actually feeling more connected to the world, not isolated. Furthermore, this connection allows youth to participate more freely in the world around them giving them more power in the world (Castells). 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Book Review an Inconvenient Truth - 1464 Words

Book Review An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It By Al Gore Rodale Press, 2006. 328 pp. ISBN: 1-59486-567-1, $28.95 While the issue of climate change has been given worldwide attention since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, it has never been profoundly realized as impending or of great concern until publication of the book An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore, former vice president and former Democratic candidate for president of the United States. Beyond his prominent political identity, Al Gore is a longtime advocate of environmental protection who organized the first Congressional hearings on global warming in the late 1970s. In his first book, Earth in the Balance, he started†¦show more content†¦With humor, he compares their behavior to tobacco companies that have used propaganda techniques to deny the adverse effects of smoking. 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Pneumothorax Springer International Publishing

Question: Write about thePneumothorax for Springer International Publishing. Answer: Introduction Pneumothorax is a condition in which there is uncoupling of lung from chest wall manifested as a result of abnormal air collection in the pleural space (Porpodis et al. 2014). It can occur as a result of trauma or can occur spontaneously. The common signs and symptoms of pneumothorax are shortness of breath and sudden onset of one-sided, sharp pain. In some cases, when there is a region of damaged tissue, the amount of air increases in the chest and a one-way valve is formed called tension pneumothorax. It can lead to serious low blood pressure and oxygen shortage. It is called collapsed lung or atelectasis. In the given case study, Mr. Leigh Richards is a 39 year old man who was admitted to the hospital after he met a high speed rally car accident hitting a tree and had left humerus fractured, subdural haematoma, left tibia and fibula and left pneumothorax. He was trapped in the car by cabin intrusion that caused pinning of his leg. The following essay deals with the understanding o f the pathophysiology, pharmacology and signs and symptoms of pneumothorax through Leigh Richardss case. Pathophysiology of Pneumothorax In the given case scenario, Leigh Richard was a restrained passenger in a rally car. He met an accident after the rally car hit the tree as he was driving at a high speed on a dirt road. He was trapped in the car by the cabin intrusion that resulted in pinning of the leg. The car was cut in order to free his leg and allowed for the inline extrication. After the accident, he was rushed to the emergency department in a dismantled state. The X-rays revealed that he had multiple fractures in his left humerus, tibia and fibula, small subdural hematoma and left pneumothorax. Pneumothorax in Leigh is manifested as a result of the blunt chest injury after the high speed rally car accident. The blunt trauma force that occurred due to the accident and the air might have pushed on the outer side and resulted in collapse of the lung that resulted in left pneumothorax or collapsed lung condition in Leigh. In Leighs case, air in the pleural space is a result of the blunt trauma injury that caused lung collapse in him. It had resulted from a penetrating or blunt trauma to the chest wall (Kirmani and Page 2014). The accident in the case scenario might have resulted in exposed to blasts where there is no such apparent injury to the chest, however, resulted in lung tissue damage. Pneumothorax in Leigh could have occurred due to the blunt trauma injury at the ribs that might have resulted in rib fracture. The thoracic cavity space inside the chest contains the heart, lungs and major blood vessels. The pleural membrane covers the lung surface and lining of the inside chest wall. The layers are separated with the help of serous fluid that acts as a lubricant. Moreover, low pressure is maintained that does not allow the air to enter the pleural space and also there is low pressure of the bloodstream gases. The accident resulted in pneumothorax that developed in Leigh due to the entry of air in to the pleural space damaging the chest wall or the lung (Aziz et al. 2016). Tension pneumothorax is a worsened condition in which there is significant impairment of blood circulation or respiration. This condition generally occurs due to trauma where the air is leaked into the chest cavity by the lungs and result in chest compression including the vessels that return to the heart with blood (Roberts et al. 2015). Chest pain and acute respiratory distress occur in the initial stages. In clinical situations, resuscitation, ventilation or trauma takes place and in such situations, under water sealed drains (UWSDs) are inserted. These are commonly called chest drains that allow draining the blood, fluid or air from the pleural spaces so that there is proper expansion of lungs and restoration of the negative pressures in the thoracic cavity. This underwater seal also helps to prevent the fluid or gas backflow into the pleural cavity. This chest drain management is important to restore the normal respiratory function and stability. UWSDs are three chambered that c onsists of suction control, water seal and drainage collection. They also aid in removing the fluid or air from the pleural cavity as well as backflow into the pleural space (Inocencio et al. 2017). Signs and Symptoms The common signs and symptoms of pneumothorax are sudden onset of chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, cough and fatigue in rare cases. Among all symptoms, acute chest pain and shortness of breath is manifested in almost 64-85% of the patients suffering from pneumothorax (Roberts et al. 2014). When Leigh was rushed to the emergency department after the accident, he was witnessed to have shortness of breath and chest tightness. He was unable to speak and faced difficulty in speaking long sentences. He was drowsy and disoriented at the time of admission at the emergency department. This condition occurred in Leigh as the normal intrapleural pressure is revered after the blast trauma injury. Shortness of breath and chest tightness and pain are the common clinical signs and symptoms of pneumothorax (Harvey, J.J., Harvey and Belli 2016). Shortness of breath or dyspnoea occurs mainly due to the increase in pressure in the lungs that prevents the expansion of lungs during breathing. This resulted in shortness of breath and chest tightness as the two common signs and symptoms in Leigh manifested as a result of pneumothorax. Due to the blast traumatic injury that resulted in left pneumothorax in Leigh caused shortness of breath in him. There was build up of fluid between the pleural space that is the chest wall and the lungs. The amount of fluid increased in the pleural space and that exerted pressure against the lungs that made in its collapse. This restricted the lungs from expanding leading to difficulty in breathing and shortness of breath in Leigh (McDonald Johnston and Ballard 2015). Chest pain or tightness is Leigh was a clear manifestation of the blast traumatic chest injury. This resulted in clear, acute chest tightness in him and he was unable to speak long sentences at the time of admission at the emergency department. This chest pain or tightness occurred as he was about to breathe as there is a lot of trapped fluid in the pleural cavity and between the lungs. During inspiration, the chest pain worsens and a sharp, stabbing pain occurs at one side of the chest in Leigh (Ying et al. 2016). Link Between Pathophysiology and Pharmacology In the context of diagnosis and treatment, it is important to understand the pathophysiology and pharmacology of a disease and the related theory. In the case study of Leigh, there is pathophysiological theory that is linked to pneumothorax. This occurred as there is reversal in the normal pleural pressure due to the blast trauma injury in Leigh (Mazzaferro 2015). Firstly, for the treatment, Leigh was given UWSD as it helped to drain the fluid from the pleural space and allowed to expand lungs and restore the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity (Russell, King and Coventry 2014). This underwater seal also prevented the backflow of fluid into the pleural cavity. This chest drain was inserted in him to avoid the tension pneumothorax to occur and relief him when he arrived at the emergency department. Leigh suffered a blast trauma injury that resulted in pneumothorax and he was given the chest drainage. An ORIF surgery was performed as he had fracture on his left tibula and fibia. Two intercostals drain was inserted that was attached to the underwater sealed drains. Moreover, the lower drain was draining serous fluid from his lung and the draining of the air was done by the other tube, however, there were only intermittent bubble from the tube. He also had neurological fluctuations which improved with time (McKnight et al. 2016). Fentanyl was administered to him as it is an opioid analgesic that helped him to relieve pain after the surgery. The severe fracture in Leighs left leg might have resulted in intense pain and fentanyl relieved him from pain. This also helped to reduce the morbidity in him. It is an anti-inflammatory drug that relieves pain and inflammation. PCA was administered to Leigh as it is a controlled analgesic after surgery. It is a good pain reliever for relieving pain in Leigh. It also prevents the risk for respiratory infection and he is able to breathe properly (Dhamrait and Tumber 2017). IV normal saline 64mLs/hr was also given to him to maintain the osmotic pressure, electrolyte balance, fluid and control of balance. It acts as a source of electrolytes and water. Conclusion Pneumothorax is the condition where there is abnormal air collection in the pleural space that causes collapse of the lung resulting from uncoupling from the chest wall. The patient, Leigh Richards was diagnosed with left pneumothorax after the blast trauma injury. The common symptoms of pneumothorax are shortness of breath and chest tightness or pain that is illustrated in Leigh. The pathophysiology and pharmacology of pneumothorax is understood through the case study of Leigh. Moreover, identifying clinical complications and pathophysiology helps to identify the efficacy of the treatment in him. Pharmacology and pathophysiology of pneumothorax is well understood through this case study and its link to the theory. References Aziz, S.G., Patel, B.B., Ie, S.R. and Rubio, E.R., 2016. The Lung Point Sign, not Pathognomonic of a Pneumothorax.Ultrasound Quarterly,32(3), pp.277-279. Dhamrait, R.S. and Tumber, S.S., 2017. Anesthetic Considerations for Chest Wall Surgery. InSurgery for Chest Wall Deformities(pp. 33-45). Springer International Publishing. Harvey, J.J., Harvey, S.C. and Belli, A., 2016. Tension pneumocephalus: the neurosurgical emergency equivalent of tension pneumothorax.BJR| case reports, p.20150127. Inocencio, M., Childs, J., Chilstrom, M.L. and Berona, K., 2017. Ultrasound Findings in Tension Pneumothorax: A Case Report.The Journal of Emergency Medicine. Kirmani, B.H. and Page, R.D., 2014. Pneumothorax and insertion of a chest drain.Surgery (Oxford),32(5), pp.272-275. Mazzaferro, E., 2015. Pneumothorax. In40th World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress, Bangkok, Thailand, 15-18 May, 2015. Proceedings book(pp. 525-526). World Small Animal Veterinary Association. McDonald Johnston, A. and Ballard, M., 2015. Primary blast lung injury.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,191(12), pp.1462-1463. McKnight, B., Heckmann, N., Hill, J.R., Pannell, W.C., Mostofi, A., Omid, R. and George, F., 2016. Surgical management of midshaft clavicle nonunions is associated with a higher rate of short-term complications compared with acute fractures.Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,25(9), pp.1412-1417. Mojsic, B., Mandras, A., Sujica, M. and Vasiljevic, S., 2016. Pneumothorax Related to Mechanical Ventilation: Silent Enemy.Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research,17(3), pp.267-270. Porpodis, K., Zarogoulidis, P., Spyratos, D., Domvri, K., Kioumis, I., Angelis, N., Konoglou, M., Kolettas, A., Kessisis, G., Beleveslis, T. and Tsakiridis, K., 2014. Pneumothorax and asthma.Journal of thoracic disease,6(1), pp.S152-S161. Roberts, D.J., Leigh-Smith, S., Faris, P.D., Ball, C.G., Robertson, H.L., Blackmore, C., Dixon, E., Kirkpatrick, A.W., Kortbeek, J.B. and Stelfox, H.T., 2014. Clinical manifestations of tension pneumothorax: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews,3(1), p.3. Roberts, D.J., Leigh-Smith, S., Faris, P.D., Blackmore, C., Ball, C.G., Robertson, H.L., Dixon, E., James, M.T., Kirkpatrick, A.W., Kortbeek, J.B. and Stelfox, H.T., 2015. Clinical presentation of patients with tension pneumothorax: a systematic review.Annals of surgery,261(6), pp.1068-1078. Russell, C., King, D. and Coventry, B.J., 2014. Vascular Access Surgery. InCardio-Thoracic, Vascular, Renal and Transplant Surgery(pp. 83-103). Springer London. Ying, X., Wang, P., Xu, P. and Zhu, B., 2016. pneumothorax associated with acupuncture: a systematic review and analysis.Acupuncture and Related Therapies.

The Effect of Temperature on the Permeability of Cell Membranes free essay sample

The effect of temperature on the permeability of cell membranes Introduction For my coursework, I intend to assess how temperature affects the plasma membrane of a cell. For this I will use the cell of a beetroot. Background What is a cell membrane? The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane is a semipermeable lipid bilayer which is the surface of all cells that surrounds the cytoplasm. The membrane is called a bilayer as it has a double layer of phospholipids. Within the cell membrane there are many biological molecules, proteins and lipids, which are involved in cellular processes, and also serves as the attachment point for both the intracellular cytoskeleton and, if present, the cell wall. It is selectively permeable and chooses what molecules enter and leaves the cell and also maintains the cells potential. This following picture is a diagram of the fluid mosaic with all the different molecules labeled: Phospholipids – Phospholipids are a type of lipids which are key parts of all biological molecules, along with glycolipids, carbohydrates and proteins. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Temperature on the Permeability of Cell Membranes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The circular head of the phospholipid is the phosphate component. This is hydrophilic (Water Liking) therefore faces the aqueous part that surrounds the membrane. The tail of the phospholipid is the fatty acid component. This is the opposite of the phosphate as it is hydrophobic (Dislikes Water) therefore the tails point inwards towards each other as it is a bilayer forming a non-polar interior. Cholesterol- Cholesterols are the lipids found in the membranes of all tissues. The name cholesterol comes from the Greek words chole (Bile) and stereos (solid). The phospholipid molecule is like the cholesterol molecule in the way that the cholesterol also has hydrophilic (Water Liking) heads and hydrophobic (Dislikes Water) tails, therefore they are able to fit between the phospholipid molecules. The cholesterol molecule helps keeps the fluidity of the cell membrane balanced so it’s not too fluid like or solid. It is also very important to the membrane as its keep it stable and without the cholesterol the membrane would break and the cell will burst open. Protiens- The cell membrane plays host to the protein as it is one of the more popular parts of a membrane that is responsible for its many different activities. Protiens are very important in a membrane as they have many tasks, most of the proteins act as transport proteins. These are used for bigger molecules like polar molecues and ions. There are a different variety of proteins each one for a different type of ion or molecule and they each control what enters and leave the cell. An important type of protein within the cell membrane is the globular protein. Unlike the proteins that only play a structural task, globular proteins work as enzymes, messengers, transporters and supply of amino acids. Some proteins molecules move around with the phospholipid layers whereas some proteins are fixed inside the cell and don’t move and some proteins are also fixed in the outer layer there are also some in the inner layer and proteins around with the whole membrane. Other proteins could also act as enzymes. Protiens are also important in the roles in the membrane s of organelles. E. g. Membranes of mitochondria and chloroplast, as they are involved in the process of respiration and hotosynthesis. Glycolipids- Many molecules including glycolipids on the surface of the membrane have carbohydrate chains connected to them. This combination is known as glycolipids or if a protein is attached then glycoprotein. Environmental Conditions on a Cell Membrane- The phospholipid bilayer is affected when the temperature of the environment it is in is incr eased on the membrane. When the temperature of the membrane is increased the protein starts to denature when the temperature is increased to about 35/45 Â °c and more. Once the proteins have started to denature they gradually start to change shape therefore the shape of the phospholipid bilayer also starts to change shape. At this stage the proteins haven’t fully denatured, but when the temperature is raised to about 65/70Â °c the protein will be fully denatured. Therefore as the protein has completely been denature, the shape of the protein will be completely deformed so, therefore it won’t fit properly into the phospholipid bilayer. Due to this, gaps will appear, making it more permeable. Similarly with the phospholipids, they don’t denature but as the temperature is increases they gain more energy and as a result of this they start to move around. This will cause fluidity of the membrane. This will make gaps and cause it to become more permeable. (References: Biology 1- Mary Jones, Richard Fosbery and Dennis Taylor, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cell_membrane) Prediction As you can see I have done some research about plasma membranes and its components and I have come to a prediction on what I think will happen and what results might show when I have completed the experiment. I simply predict that the greater the temperature on the beetroot sample the less light will pass through the beetroot sample when it is in the calorimeter and the lower the temperature is more light will pass through the beetroot sample. I have predicted the above because once the temperature is raised to about 35/45 Â °c the proteins in the phospholipid bilayer start to change shape and once the temperature has been raised to about 65/70Â ° the shape would have completely changed and the protein would have fully denatured and the proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer will not be able to fit in the bilayer properly. As the temperature is increase not only will the proteins get denatured but the phospholipids will gain energy therefore will start to move faster and the phospholipids will gain fluidity and this will also increase the rate in which permeability is taking place. Therefore, for these particular reason gaps will be made in the phospholipid bilayer due to the denatured proteins and the movement of the phospholipids. As a result, the increase in temperature will have caused damage to the plasma membrane and this will let the red/purple pigment of the beetroot sample (betacyanin) out from the vacuole in which it is held in. Apparatus Beetroot- I am going to use this as I am going to test the permeability of the beetroot cell. Scapula- I will use this to cut the beetroot. Ruler- This will be needed to measure the beetroot. Beaker- I will use this as a water bath and to heat the test tubes in. Pipette- I will use this to get an accurate 4cm? sample of beetroot. Test tube- I will use this to put 15cm? of distilled water and beetroot. Distilled water- I will use this for the experiment as the tap water could have other chemicals for example chlorine. Calorimeter- This will be used in the experiment to calculate how much light is transmitted through the beetroot sample. Cuvette- This will be used to but the sample of beetroot in and put in the calorimeter. Bunsen Burner- This will be used to heat up the water bath. Thermometer- I will use this to measure the temperature of the test tubes in the water bath. Measuring cylinder- I will use this to measure out 15? of distilled water. Cork borer- I will use this to extract small pieces of the beetroot out of the actual one Test tube rack- I will need this to hold the test tubes. Timer- I will need to time how long I have kept the beetroot in the distilled water. Goggles- I will need to wear these so nothing enters my eyes Risk Assessment Equipment/SubstanceRiskReduction/Emergency Action ScapulaRisk of getting cutBe as careful as possible and if cut wash the cut in case of infection and use a first aid kit Bunsen BurnerRisk of getting burntTie hair back, wear goggles and if burnt then put the area which is burnt under cold water Hot waterRisk of getting burntIf burnt, place burnt rea under cold water Beetroot SolutionRisk of entering eyeTo prevent this wear goggles and if it enters eyes wash out with warm water Cork BorerRisk of getting cut Method To begin with I will use a cork borer and get 15 pieces of beetroot and use a ruler to measure each piece 2cm long and cut it using a scalpel as I will be using 5 different temperatures (25Â °c, 35Â °c, 45Â °c, 55Â °c, and 65Â °c). I will repeat each temp erature 3 times. Each piece of beetroot will have to be of the same size to make it a fair test and that is also why I will repeat each with temperature 3 times. Secondly I will then rinse the equal pieces of beetroot with distilled water and dry them as while cutting the beetroot cells could get damaged and therefore betacyanin would be on the samples and this would not be a fair test. After that I will then measure 15cm? of distilled water into a measuring cylinder and pour it out into a test tube. I will repeat this three times. After that a Bunsen burner will need to be set up and as it is a dangerous piece of equipment I will need to wear goggles when using it. Once the Bunsen burner is ready to use I will fill a beaker up with 150 cm? f water and as I will be using the water beaker as a water bath for the test tube I will need to use a tripod and put gauze onto top of it. I will then place the beaker on top of the tripod and on the Bunsen burner. After this I will put the test tubes into the beaker to get the water to the correct temperature. To analyze the temperature I will place a thermometer a test tube till it reaches the first tem perature of my choice which will be 25Â °c. Once the temperature reading is 25Â °c I will remove the Bunsen burner from underneath the beaker. Then I will pace the three test tubes in a holder and at the same time will put 1 beetroot piece in each test tube and keep them all in for four minutes, i will time it using a timer. When four minutes is over I will stir the beetroot solution so no pigment is left at the bottom of the test tube. Using a pipet I will extract 4cm? from each of the solutions and put them into a cuvette, but is important not to touch the cuvette where there are no arrows as that is where the light transmits through. Finally I will use the calorimeter to measure how much light is transmitted through the beetroot samples. But before putting each sample into the calorimeter I will put a sample of distilled water which should measure about 100 so that I will know that the calorimeter has correctly been adjusted. I will repeat this three times for each temperature. I will repeat this procedure all together five times as there are five temperatures, (25Â °c, 35Â °c, 45Â °c, 55Â °c, and 65Â °c) and test one temperature three times just as this is mentioned above.

Japans Meiji Era

Japan's Meiji Era The Meiji Era was the 44-year period of Japans history from 1868 to 1912 when the country was under the rule of the great Emperor Mutsuhito. Also called the Meiji Emperor, he was the first ruler of Japan to wield actual political power in centuries. An Era of Change The Meiji Era or Meiji Period was a time of incredible transformation in Japanese society. It marked the end of the Japanese system of feudalism  and completely restructured the social, economic, and military reality of life in Japan. The Meiji Era began when  a faction of daimyo  lords from Satsuma and Choshu in the far south of Japan united to overthrow the Tokugawa shogun and return political power to the Emperor. This revolution in Japan is called the Meiji Restoration. The daimyo who brought the Meiji Emperor out from behind the jeweled curtain and into the political limelight probably did not anticipate all of the repercussions of their actions. For example, the Meiji Period saw the end of the samurai and their daimyo lords, and the establishment of a modern conscript army. It also marked the beginning of a period of rapid industrialization and modernization in Japan. Some former supporters of the restoration, including the Last Samurai, Saigo Takamori, later rose up in the unsuccessful Satsuma Rebellion in protest of these radical changes. Social Prior to the Meiji Era, Japan had a feudal social structure with samurai warriors on top, followed by farmers, craftsmen, and finally merchants or traders at the bottom. During the Meiji Emperors reign, the status of the samurai was abolished - all Japanese would be considered commoners, except for the imperial family. In theory, even the  burakumin  or untouchables were now equal to all other Japanese people, although in practice discrimination was still rampant. In addition to this leveling of society, Japan also adopted many western customs during this time. Men and women abandoned silk kimono and began to wear Western-style suits and dresses. Former samurai had to cut off their topknots, and women wore their hair in fashionable bobs. Economic During the Meiji Era, Japan industrialized with incredible speed. In a country where just a few decades earlier, merchants and manufacturers were considered the lowest class of society, suddenly titans of industry were forming huge corporations that produced iron, steel, ships, railroads, and other heavy industrial goods. Within the reign of the Meiji Emperor, Japan went from a sleepy, agrarian country to an up-and-coming industrial giant.   Policy-makers and ordinary Japanese people alike felt that this was absolutely essential for Japans survival, as the western imperial powers of the time were bullying and annexing formerly strong kingdoms and empires all over Asia. Japan would not only build up its economy and its military capacity well enough to avoid being colonized - it would become a major imperial power itself in the decades following the Meiji Emperors death. Military The Meiji Era saw a rapid and massive reorganization of Japans military capabilities, as well. Since the time of Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warriors had been using firearms to great effect on the battlefield. However, the samurai sword was still the weapon that denoted Japanese warfare up until the Meiji Restoration. Under the Meiji Emperor, Japan established western-style military academies to train a whole new type of soldier. No longer would birth into a samurai family be the qualifier for military training; Japan had a conscript army now, in which the sons of former samurai might have a farmers son as a commanding officer.  The military academies brought in trainers from France, Prussia, and other western countries to teach the conscripts about modern tactics and weaponry. In the Meiji Period, Japans military reorganization made it a major world power. With battleships, mortars, and machine guns, Japan would defeat the Chinese in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, and then stun Europe by beating the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Japan would continue headlong down an increasingly militaristic path for the next forty years. The word meiji literally means bright plus pacify. A bit ironically, it denotes the enlightened peace of Japan under Emperor Mutsuhitos reign. In fact, although the Meiji Emperor did indeed pacify and unify Japan, it was the start of a half-century of warfare, expansion, and imperialism in Japan, which conquered the Korean Peninsula, Formosa (Taiwan), the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa), Manchuria, and then much of the rest of East Asia between 1910 and 1945.

Innovative Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Innovative Organisations - Essay Example By virtually every measure, Ryanair has managed to develop positive leadership innovation, process innovation and product/service innovation by creating new business models and business structures designed to bring long-term value to the business. This report identifies Ryanair’s strategies in innovation, an assessment of these innovations, and also a description of how the author of this report could contribute effectively to the long-term future of Ryanair. Innovation is key to any successful enterprise. There are a wide variety of acceptable definitions of innovation, one of which is the successful creation and launch of a new product or service concept which provides significant competitive advantage to today’s firms. Competitive advantage means utilising this new innovative idea or concept and applying it using a market-focused methodology which outperforms competing companies and gains market share in the process. This report highlights the activities of Ryanair, the low-frills, discount airline company, which provide innovation in the airline industry and a stronger business portfolio. Ryanair was established in the 1990s as one of the first no-frills discount airline companies in Europe. The company, with this discount philosophy, has managed to increase its market share against major competitors such as Lufthansa and Air France-KLM (Done, 2009), which is not an easy task to accomplish considering how long these airline companies have been a staple airline carriers in Europe. When the company was first implemented, there did not seem to be a heavy consumer demand for no-frills services, or perhaps the company simply lacked marketing focus, as the business was riddled with heavy losses and an inability to seize a higher volume of market share than that of its competition (Done). However, today, Ryanair has managed to redevelop its previous business model, making it more adaptive to consumer needs, which is bringing the

The public needs to know Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The public needs to know - Research Proposal Example Its management is also costly and leaves most families poor besides the fact that available management strategies only slows down the disease’s effects. I, in this paper, present a proposal for a business of developing a new drug for cancer patients in order to reduce cancer’s currently experienced effects. Economic situation The new drug development is expected to cost about one billion U.S. dollars, inclusive of involved tax and miscellaneous expenses. Most of the projected cost will be invested in research and will be used to purchase research facilities and to offer remunerations and incentives to researchers, research assistants, and research participants. Some donors, research agencies, government institutions, and nongovernmental organizations have pledged their support for the initiative, and received and pledged donations amount to $ 400 million. This is, however, 60 percent short of the total required amount. As a result, the next phase of the drug development project that was scheduled to kick off in four months time may be delayed. Being a social initiative, the drug development program is not profit oriented and will rely on donations from well-wishers. We therefore appeal for further donations from people and organizations to facilitate the project that will develop a low cost drug for managing cancer (Neidle, 2011). Special needs of the target population The project seeks to meet diversified social needs. The overall benefit of the drug in suppressing cancerous growths and involved consequences on patients and the society will serve these needs. One of the special needs is the preservation of cancer victims’ lives. Even though the developed drug does not offer treatment to the disease, preliminary research indicates that it will greatly suppress cancerous growths, at any stage, and therefore sustain victims’ lives. The suppressed growth will further minimize and possibly mitigate pain among cancer patients to achieve h igh quality of life. Retention of a cancer patient’s cognitive ability is another special need that the developed drug will meet. This will be derived from the drug’s potential to suppress further growth and to subsequently control realized symptoms among patients. Preliminary tests have also indicated the drug’s milder side effects, as compared to those of the currently applied cancer management techniques such as chemotherapy, which will meet the need for more effective drugs with less significant side effects (Livestrong, n.d.). Process The proposed drug development project will follow the laid down guidelines for developing and testing a new drug. The first involved step, preclinical research, has been done. This involved scientific research into development of cancerous cells, involved factors into such growth and proposed drug components for countering the growths. The next stage of the development process will involve a multi staged set of trials with inc reasing number of test participants at each advanced stage. Each of the trial stages will involve evaluation of effects of the drug on cancerous growth and possible effects on the volunteers. The process will involve three trials in which 50 volunteers will participate in the first trial, 200 participants will be involved in the second trial and 2000 in the third trial. The drug, upon successful tests, will then be filed with the responsible national drug agency for approval. The remaining stages of the